The other day Alan Knox shared with me an article written by Ernest Goodman at Missions Misunderstood. Goodman has just finished up a series called The Counterintuitive Church. This series really made me think about what Jesus did, what Jesus’ apostles wanted to do, and what I usually do. Let’s take the Parable of the Talents as an example. Starting in Matthew 25:14, Jesus tells a parable of a man on a journey with three different servants. To each of his servants he gave some talents (money). To one he gave five talents, to another he gave two talents, and to the last he gave one talent. When the man came back from his journey, the three servants brought with them the talents. The first two had both doubled the investment while the last had only hid it. The first two were praised for their faith and trust, while the last was scolded.

In today’s economy, it doesn’t really look like the last servant had done anything really bad. He was afraid that his master would have nothing, so made sure to keep at least one talent for him. It was very pragmatic. It is probably what I would do. But it is not what Jesus would expect of us. There are a number of examples in Scripture where Jesus talks about doing the opposite of what is natural for us. When the government tells you to walk a mile, you walk two. When someone hits you, you turn the other cheek. He sat and spoke with a Samaritan woman, alone. It seems like he did everything that was contrary to our nature. And to top it off, we should reflect his life in our living.

That’s really what Goodman’s series focuses on within our church structures. We have sought after pragmatism, rather than following Jesus’ nature. I highly encourage you to read this series. They are fairly short and precise, to the point, and will surely make you think.

• The Counterintuitive Church – Part 1
• The Counterintuitive Church – Part 2, The Gaps
• The Counterintuitive Church – Part 3, Distribution
• The Counterintuitive Church – Part 4, Let’s Be Clear
• The Counterintuitive Church – Part 5, What’s Wrong With Pragmatism
• The Counterintuitive Church – Part 6, Impractical Worship
• The Counterintuitive Church – Part 7, Impractical Spaces
• The Counterintuitive Church – Part 8, The Impractical Church Among Us

After reading this series, I thought to myself. Maybe instead of asking, “What Would Jesus Do?” and coming up with a practical answer… I should ask, “What Would I Do?” and then do the opposite. That would probably more closely reflect Jesus’ nature – rather than my own.

A few months ago I wrote a series of posts about the Kingdom of Heaven parables. Each post dealt with one of the parables. I did not get much interest in it so I did not write a conclusion. Recently I had someone ask me about a conclusion. I told them that I would write one for them. So I will step through the basics of each parable and a conclusion that hopefully sums up the parables and does justice to the Scriptures.

1) The Parable of the Tares among the Wheat

The first parable in the series is probably the easiest. This parable is explained to us by Jesus. We learn these things in this parable – The Son of Man planted good seed (the sons of the kingdom) into the field (the world). His enemy, the Devil, planted bad seed (the sons of the evil one) into the field (the world). The reapers (angels) will separate the tares (bad seed) from the wheat (good seed) and burn up the tares.

So based on this parable we learn that the Kingdom of Heaven (at least in part) is in the currently in the world. It is us, those who follow Christ, as we have been planted here, in the world, by Him.

2) The Parable of the Mustard Seed

Jesus teaches us that the Kingdom of Heavens presence in the world is small (smaller than the other seeds in the world). But it will grow and eventually it will have great power and authority. I think this points more directly to the end, when all things come to fruition.

3) The Parable of the Leaven

A lot of people misinterpret this parable saying that it has to do with sin in the Church and its effect on the Church. Given that Jesus is discussing the Kingdom of Heaven, I seriously doubt this parable has to do with sin. In fact, given the context, I think it has a similar interpretation to the previous parable, the Mustard Seed parable. Just as Leaven effects a all of the flour, eventually the Kingdom of Heaven will effect all of the world.

4) The Parable of the Hidden Treasure and The parable of the Merchant

These two parables are very interesting, very short, and very much related. So I combined them in one post. This parable tells us of what Jesus has to sacrifice. He literally gave up everything to pay for the treasure or the Great Pearl – the Kingdom of Heaven.

5) The Parable of the Dragnet

This parable is also explained by Jesus. The Good fish are kept, but the Bad fish are thrown out – just as the Tares are burned and the Wheat is kept.

6) The Parable of the Unmerciful Servant

This parable was a little difficult to understand because it adds so many different things to the situation. In fact, I am not very comfortable with my posts conclusion now that I read over it. Now that I reread it I think I should have focused more on what Jesus concludes with, “My heavenly Father will also do the same to you, if each of you does not forgive his brother from your heart.” I think this parable, in line with the others, is saying that he Kingdom of Heaven is/will be made up of people who forgive their brothers (or are generally forgiving).

7) The Parable of the Laborers in the Vineyard

I feel the correct interpretation of this parable is to see it in light of the Jew/Gentile relationship. The Jews were part of the Kingdom of Heave first, they were promised a certain wage and then later the Gentiles came into the scene. The Jews put a stink when the Gentiles received the same wage even though they worked less time. Some believe this teaches us that there are no levels of reward in Heaven. I think a better interpretation is that all members of the Kingdom of Heaven are equal – Jew or Gentile.

8) The Parable of the Marriage Feast

This parable seems to show us that Jesus’ first coming was a “wedding feast.” The Jews had been invited, but they made up excuses not to come. So the King invited all the Gentiles to come. Some of the Gentiles (in fact, most) came unprepared and were thrown out into the outer darkness (for many are invited, but few are chosen). I think it is safe to say that the few that were chosen make up those who are planted in the world. This parable seems to indicate that there is/was a wide/universal invitation but only a select few (or the elect) are chosen.

9) The Parable of the Ten Virgins

I recently joked on someone’s blog that this parable teaches us polygamy. Of course I do not think it does, but one has to wonder why so many virgins are waiting for one groomsman. In this parable we find 5 prudent virgins and 5 foolish virgins. The foolish are not prepared for the grooms return and thus miss their opportunity. As I see it there are three possible interpretations for this parable. 1. The Jews were the foolish virgins and were not ready for Jesus when he came. I do not think this is really possible, because the parable is about the return of the bridesgroom. 2. Jesus is speaking of the end of the age, those who think they are saved and those who are actually saved. 3. Jesus is still speaking of the end of the age but the two groups are saved and lost (those who do not think they are mixed with those who think they are saved but aren’t) – slightly different than theory 2. Frankly I think all three could work, but 2 seems most logical to me.

10) The Parable of the Talents

We see that Jesus has given three groups of people (represents by three slaves) different responsibilities. The first two slaves do very well and are called good and faithful. The last slave does poorly and is cast into the outer darkness. The latter slave could probably be compared to the tares, cast into the fire (outer darkness). The first two slaves were obviously the Wheat. I think ultimately this parable is teaching that we are all given something from Jesus and what we do with that is dependent on us. Now that I look back on this parable I really think it is a salvific message. Just like the wedding feast, everyone was invited, but how they responded is what was judged. So here, we see three slaves were given different things, but it was their response (or how they handled the talents) that is judged. I do not think this is teaching any works based salvation, more like a need for personal acceptance of what Christ is offering us.

Conclusion:

I had a blast going through these parables. I think I learned a lot of interesting things. As a recap, I think some key points were that the Kingdom of Heaven has been established and it is here in the world (at least, in part). Those of us who are followers of Christ make up part of the Kingdom of Heaven. Everyone has been invited to take part in the Kingdom, but not everyone has accepted that invitation. Also, Jesus paid a high price for His Kingdom.

Thanks everyone, and sorry for the late conclusion!

God’s Glory!

This is the last Kingdom of Heaven (KoH) parable in Matthew…

“For it is [the KoH] just like a man about to go on a journey, who called his own slaves and entrusted his possessions to them. To one he gave five talents, to another, two, and to another, one, each according to his own ability; and he went on his journey. Immediately the one who had received the five talents went and traded with them, and gained five more talents. In the same manner the one who had received the two talents gained two more. But he who received the one talent went away, and dug a hole in the ground and hid his master’s money. Now after a long time the master of those slaves came and settled accounts with them. The one who had received the five talents came up and brought five more talents, saying, ‘Master, you entrusted five talents to me. See, I have gained five more talents.’ His master said to him, ‘Well done, good and faithful slave. You were faithful with a few things, I will put you in charge of many things; enter into the joy of your master.’ Also the one who had received the two talents came up and said, ‘Master, you entrusted two talents to me. See, I have gained two more talents.’ His master said to him, ‘Well done, good and faithful slave. You were faithful with a few things, I will put you in charge of many things; enter into the joy of your master.’ And the one also who had received the one talent came up and said, ‘Master, I knew you to be a hard man, reaping where you did not sow and gathering where you scattered no seed. ‘And I was afraid, and went away and hid your talent in the ground. See, you have what is yours.’ But his master answered and said to him, ‘You wicked, lazy slave, you knew that I reap where I did not sow and gather where I scattered no seed. Then you ought to have put my money in the bank, and on my arrival I would have received my money back with interest. Therefore take away the talent from him, and give it to the one who has the ten talents.’ For to everyone who has, more shall be given, and he will have an abundance; but from the one who does not have, even what he does have shall be taken away. Throw out the worthless slave into the outer darkness; in that place there will be weeping and gnashing of teeth.” – Matthew 25:14-30

This parable has three main players:

1. The Master – Jesus
2. The three servants who are broken down into two categories:
1. Good and Faithful
2. Wicked

This parable seems to play out in a pretty obvious way, but let me make a couple of observations.

1. The three servants are all given different amounts, which suggests that not everyone is given the same load. Perhaps, given what one can handle.
2. The two servants who are good and faithful are given similar rewards, which shows a type of equality.
3. The wicked servant is cast into the outer darkness, obviously not a Christian.
4. This parable also appears to be about the second coming of Christ.
5. This parable has very little to do with financial responsibility–not that financial responsibility is not taught elsewhere, I just do not think it is being taught here.

The only lasting question is, who do the slaves represent? Jews? Gentiles? Saved? Lost? I am not sure if we can specifically answer this question. It does not really appear to be the scope of the parable anyway, so let’s just leave it as a “mystery.”

Then the kingdom of heaven will be comparable to ten virgins, who took their lamps and went out to meet the bridegroom. Five of them were foolish, and five were prudent. For when the foolish took their lamps, they took no oil with them, but the prudent took oil in flasks along with their lamps. Now while the bridegroom was delaying, they all got drowsy and began to sleep. But at midnight there was a shout, ‘Behold, the bridegroom! Come out to meet him.’ Then all those virgins rose and trimmed their lamps. The foolish said to the prudent, ‘Give us some of your oil, for our lamps are going out.’ But the prudent answered, ‘No, there will not be enough for us and you too; go instead to the dealers and buy some for yourselves.’ And while they were going away to make the purchase, the bridegroom came, and those who were ready went in with him to the wedding feast; and the door was shut. Later the other virgins also came, saying, ‘Lord, lord, open up for us.’ But he answered, ‘Truly I say to you, I do not know you.’ Be on the alert then, for you do not know the day nor the hour.”
- Matthew 25:1-13

This parable is a little different than the previous KoH parables. Jesus uses the future tense here to talk about what the Kingdom of Heaven is like (or will be like). Before we discuss the future tense, let’s look at the characters:

Bridegroom – Jesus.

5 prudent virgins – I believe these are the “sons of the kingdom” who are obviously prepared for Jesus’ return.

5 foolish virgins – Now this is interesting. This group of virgins are told that they are not know by the Bridegroom. This obviously implies that they are not saved, but it also shows that it is not the being a virgin that makes someone saved. It also shows that preparedness is a characteristic of those who will be saved.

Now here is a question: Which two groups do the prudent/foolish virgins represent? As far as I can tell there are three, and they depend on the future tense that Jesus uses.

Theory 1: Jesus is speaking of his immediate future – The Jews were not ready for Jesus (i.e. the foolish virgins). They claimed holiness and readiness, but where found lacking. The Gentiles on the other hand were ready for Jesus (i.e. the prudent virgins). However, they neither claimed holiness nor readiness. Also, it does not seem like it would be Jesus’ immediate hour because of the last verse – “You do not know the day nor the hour” which speaks of what we call his second coming. This would not affect the Jews of Jesus’ immediate future. So I think we can safely ignore this theory.

Theory 2: Jesus is speaking of the end of the age – when he comes back again. Then the two groups would be distinguished by those who are saved and those who think they are saved. The prudent (the actual saved Christians) will be prepared for Jesus’ coming – but those who think their saved will ignore the signs and thus be unprepared and unwelcomed.

Theory 3: Jesus is still speaking of the end of the age but the two groups are saved and lost. The prudent are again the saved Christians but the foolish is everyone else.

I think Theory 2 probably fits best. Either way, this parable teaches us one thing, Jesus is coming and he is coming at any moment. As Christians we need to be prepared for His coming.

The Parable of the Marriage Feast is the next KoH parable that Matthew records. It can be found in Matthew chapter 22 verses 1-14. This parable seems similar to the previous parable because it reflects the Jew/Gentile relationship to salvation.

Jesus spoke to them again in parables, saying, “The kingdom of heaven may be compared to a king who gave a wedding feast for his son. And he sent out his slaves to call those who had been invited to the wedding feast, and they were unwilling to come. Again he sent out other slaves saying, ‘Tell those who have been invited, “Behold, I have prepared my dinner; my oxen and my fattened livestock are all butchered and everything is ready; come to the wedding feast.”‘ But they paid no attention and went their way, one to his own farm, another to his business, and the rest seized his slaves and mistreated them and killed them. But the king was enraged, and he sent his armies and destroyed those murderers and set their city on fire. Then he said to his slaves, ‘The wedding is ready, but those who were invited were not worthy. Go therefore to the main highways, and as many as you find there, invite to the wedding feast.’ Those slaves went out into the streets and gathered together all they found, both evil and good; and the wedding hall was filled with dinner guests. But when the king came in to look over the dinner guests, he saw a man there who was not dressed in wedding clothes, and he said to him, ‘Friend, how did you come in here without wedding clothes?’ And the man was speechless. Then the king said to the servants, ‘Bind him hand and foot, and throw him into the outer darkness; in that place there will be weeping and gnashing of teeth.’ For many are called, but few are chosen.” – Matthew 22:1-14

First I’ll take a look at the characters, and try to match them up with their prospective roles.
1. King – God
2. King’s Son – Jesus
3. Official Guests – Jews
4. Street Guests (both evil and good) – Gentiles

There are two interesting things in this parable that deserve mentioning. First, we see that this a wedding feast put on for the son. So we know that Jesus’ first coming was the wedding feast that God put on for him. We also learn that the Jews were unwilling to go to the wedding feast, even to the point of murder. I think this closely reflects what happened to Jesus.

God then sent his messengers to gather the Gentiles for the wedding feast. Now here is the most interesting part. One of the Gentiles who came to the feast was not properly dressed. The king throws him in the “outer darkness.” Obviously this corresponds to salvation, but what Jesus says next is very intriguing – “for many are called, but few are chosen.”

So, what does it mean to be called if not chosen? I think this is actually a misleading translation. The word used there for “called” is the same word used before for “invite.” If we understand the word as invited (and within the context it should be invited) it makes perfect sense that many are invited, but few are chosen. Or if we keep it the word as “called” we need to realize that this is not salvation, but a call to accept the free gift of salvation.

This parable, as well as some of the previous KoH parables, seems to indicate that there is a wide calling, but only the elect will be saved. Those who are not elect, obviously show up to the “feast” unprepared.

Any thoughts?